Hello, Tour De France saw a sensational stage at the Alps, Wout van Aert crushed the legs of Bernal and Quintana they are no longer in contention for the yellow jersey, in the end Roglic failed to take the stage as his only serious threat, landsman Pogačar pipped him at the finish. All this happened when Hamilton still had to finish over at the Grand Prix in Mugello which saw 2 red flags and thus 3 starts, last time with just 12 cars left. At the first start Verstappen was almost past Lewis but then his car cut out, and when it picked up again he was a pinball in the midfield-exit Verstappen and last week's winner Gasly. Then after the restart more misery but Lewis had taken the lead after a better start and Bottas he's a good driver but no challenger, on 3rd Albon proved Red Bull had a good car.....
Here today, Naturally my Quichote mission of trying to breakthough the wall of nonsense build by the supposed smartest men on the planet is continuing as chinks start to appear, their arrogant stupidity set us back decades if not more, electro-magnetics is clean energy and would have delivered us not only flying cars, but flying saucers aswell and who knows a pathway into other dimensions..Meanwhile The Expanse's Leviathan Wakes and starts wagging it's tail....
xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
Double layers can accelerate charged particles, as well.
“We have to learn again that science without contact with experiments is an enterprise which is likely to go completely astray into imaginary conjecture.”
— Hannes Alfvén
A recent press release from the European Space Agency (ESA) provides information about future technologies that will make space exploration more economical. The new ion thruster technology works by pulsing an electric arc between two electrodes, vaporizing the propellant, while at the same time creating a stream of charged particles (plasma), which is accelerated by an electromagnetic field.
A double layer forms in plasma when electric charge flows through it. Double layers are found in the plasma environment of Earth, as well as around the stars, creating phenomena like aurorae and electromagnetic radiation from pulsars.
Plasma pioneer and Nobel laureate, Irving Langmuir studied the behavior of charged particles moving through various gases. He was the first to coin the term “plasma” when referring to ionized gas, finding that they accelerated ions to supersonic velocities. Double layers are self-generating, so the effect has been incorporated into an efficient spacecraft thrust mechanism.
As mentioned, a double layer is a charge separation region that forms in plasmas. It consists of two oppositely charged parallel layers, resulting in a voltage drop and an electric field across the layer. These regions accelerate electrons and positive ions in opposite directions. Since moving electric charges generate electricity, there is an electric current present. If there are sufficiently large potential drops and layer separation, electrons might accelerate to relativistic velocities, producing synchrotron radiation.
Nobel prize winner Hannes Alfvén described a double layer as, “… a plasma formation by which a plasma—in the physical meaning of this word—protects itself from the environment. It is analogous to a cell wall by which a plasma—in the biological meaning of this word—protects itself from the environment.”
As written many times in the past, electricity can accelerate charged particles with energies of 10^20 electron volts or more. Since electricity requires a circuit for charge to flow, and an electric current forms a magnetic field, that field tends to constrict the current. Previous Picture of the Day articles identify that constricted channel as a Bennett pinch, or z-pinch. Laboratory experiments with particle accelerators confirm that the pinched filaments of electric current remain coherent over large distances.
At times, a double layer might interrupt charge flow in the circuit, causing a catastrophic rise in voltage across it. The powerful energy release of the exploding double layer is sometimes observed in power transmission switchyards when a circuit breaker is opened incorrectly, or in electrical experiments like the SAFIRE project, when millions of volts are suddenly produced.
Plasma physicist, Hannes Alfvén identified occurrences like that when he was contracted by the Swedish Power Company to investigate some serious accidents. A few of the mercury arc rectifiers used in the power transmission circuits had exploded for no apparent reason. Alfvén identified the cause as unstable double layers within the plasma flow.
He wrote:
“In Sweden the waterpower is located in the north, and the industry in the south. The transfer of power between these regions over a distance of about 1000 km was first done with a.c. When it was realized that d.c. transmission would be cheaper, mercury rectifiers were developed. It turned out that such a system normally worked well, but it happened now and then that the rectifiers produced enormous over-voltages so that fat electrical sparks filled the rectifying station and did considerable harm…An arc rectifier must have a very low pressure of mercury vapor in order to stand the high back voltages during half of the a.c. cycle. On the other hand, it must be able to carry large currents during the other half-cycle. It turned out that these two requirements were conflicting, because at a very low pressure the plasma could not carry enough current. If the current density is too high, an exploding double layer may be formed. This means that in the plasma a region of high vacuum is produced: the plasma refuses to carry any current at all. At the sudden interruption of the 1000 km inductance produces enormous over-voltages, which may be destructive.”
There are also double layers in space that emit radio waves over a broad band of frequencies. They can sort galactic material into regions of like composition and condense it. They can accelerate charged particles to cosmic ray energies. Double layers in space can explode for the same reason as Alfvén’s rectifiers, releasing more energy than is locally present. This effect can be seen in stellar flares or so-called “nova” outbursts.
Since plasma is composed of charged particles, their movement constitutes an electric current, which generates a magnetic field. Electrons spiral in the resulting magnetic field, creating synchrotron radiation that can shine in all high-energy frequencies, including extreme ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
Cosmic plasmas and their activity can be replicated in the laboratory, allowing insights into the large-scale structures that populate the Universe. Since gravitational forces cannot be examined in the laboratory, consensus opinions about the gravity-only model of celestial objects suffer from a moribund condition.
Stephen Smith
xxxxx
New contributor and Electric Universe advocate, Gareth Samuel, creator of “See the Pattern”, introduces his investigation into a striking evidentiary connection between the Birkeland currents in our celestial neighborhood and a true motion of the stars through the heavens.
To understand this linkage, Gareth offers a groundbreaking analysis with vivid animations on the celestial phenomenon known as the precession cycle.
xxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
The Expanse is a series of science fiction novels (and related novellas and short stories) by James S. A. Corey, the joint pen name of authors Daniel Abraham and Ty Franck. The first novel, Leviathan Wakes, was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 2012. The series as a whole was nominated for the Best Series Hugo Award in 2017.
As of 2019, The Expanse is made up of eight novels and eight shorter works - three short stories and five novellas. At least nine novels were planned, as well as two more novellas. The series was adapted for television by the Syfy Network, also under the title of The Expanse, then they dropped the ball despite the succes of the series, i suspect the whole thing got too serious (expensive) so once again Syfy network proved they can't handle success. Anyway fans were outraged and got Amazon Prime to pick it up for a fourth and fifth series and considering the mountain of money Jeff Bezos sits on i suspect several more as long as the fans keep cheering.
The Expanse is set in a future in which humanity has colonized much of the Solar System, but does not have interstellar travel. In the asteroid belt and beyond, tensions are rising between Earth's United Nations, Mars, and the outer planets.
The series initially takes place in the Solar System, using many real locations such as Ceres and Eros in the asteroid belt, several moons of Jupiter, with Ganymede and Europa the most developed, and small science bases as far out as Phoebe around Saturn and Titania around Uranus, as well as well-established domed settlements on Mars and the Moon.
As the series progresses, humanity gains access to thousands of new worlds by use of the ring, an artificially sustained Einstein-Rosen bridge or wormhole, created by a long dead alien race. The ring in our solar system is two AU from the orbit of Uranus, and passing through it leads to a hub of starless space approximately one million kilometers across, with more than 1,300 other rings, each with a star system on the other side. In the center of the hub, which is also referred to as the "slow zone", an alien space station controls the gates and can also set instantaneous speed limits on objects inside of the hub as a means of defense.
The story is told through multiple main point-of-view characters. There are two POV characters in the first book and four in books 2 through 5. In the sixth and seventh books, the number of POV characters increases, with several characters having only one or two chapters. Tiamat's Wrath returns to a more limited number with five. Every book also begins and ends with a prologue and epilogue told from a unique character's perspective.
Novels
# Title Pages Audio
1 Leviathan Wakes 592 20h 56m
2 Caliban's War 595 21h
3 Abaddon's Gate 539 19h 42m
4 Cibola Burn 583 20h 7m
5 Nemesis Games 544 16h 44m
6 Babylon's Ashes 608 19h 58m
7 Persepolis Rising 560 20h 34m
8 Tiamat's Wrath 544 19h 8m
9 Unnamed final novel
at 3 hours everyweek that's beyond 2021 before we're finished here, that's to say as long as there's enough interest...we'll see next week Leviathan Wakes
xxxxx
Leviathan Wakes was nominated for the 2012 Hugo Award for Best Novel and the 2012 Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel. The novel was adapted for television in 2015 as the first season of The Expanse by Syfy.
Leviathan Wakes is set in a future in which humanity has colonized much of the Solar System. Earth, governed by the United Nations, and the Martian Congressional Republic act as competing superpowers, maintaining an uneasy military alliance in order to exert dual hegemony over the peoples of the Asteroid belt, known as "Belters." Belters, whose bodies tend to be thin and elongated due to their low-gravity environment, carry out the gritty, blue-collar work that provides the system with essential natural resources, but they are largely marginalized by the rest of the Solar System. The Outer Planets Alliance (OPA), a network of loosely-aligned militant groups, seeks to combat the Belt's exploitation at the hands of the "Inners," who, in turn, have branded the OPA a terrorist organization. The story is told from the point of view of Belter detective Joe Miller, and Earther Jim Holden.
James Holden is XO (Executive Officer) of an ice miner making runs from the rings of Saturn to the mining stations of the Belt. When he and his crew stumble upon a derelict ship, the Scopuli, they find themselves in possession of a secret they never wanted. A secret that someone is willing to kill for – and kill on a scale unfathomable to Jim and his crew. War is brewing in the system unless he can find out who left the ship and why.
Detective Miller is looking for a girl. One girl in a system of billions, but her parents have money and money talks. When the trail leads him to the Scopuli and rebel sympathizer Holden, he realizes that this girl may be the key to everything.
Holden and Miller must thread the needle between the Earth government, the Outer Planet revolutionaries, and secretive corporations – and the odds are against them. But out in the Belt, the rules are different, and one small ship can change the fate of the universe.
James S.A. Corey - The Expanse Leviathan Wakes 44-50 ( 135min 62mb)
The Expanse Leviathan Wakes 44-50 158min
xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
previously
James S.A. Corey - The Expanse The Churn ( 149min 69mb)
James S.A. Corey - The Expanse Leviathan Wakes 1-7 ( 145min 67mb)
James S.A. Corey - The Expanse Leviathan Wakes 8-14 ( 143min 66mb)
James S.A. Corey - The Expanse Leviathan Wakes 15-21 ( 139min 64mb)
James S.A. Corey - The Expanse Leviathan Wakes 22-29 ( 149min 69mb)
James S.A. Corey - The Expanse Leviathan Wakes 30-36 ( 149min 69mb)
James S.A. Corey - The Expanse Leviathan Wakes 37-43 ( 158min 72mb)
xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
Here today, Naturally my Quichote mission of trying to breakthough the wall of nonsense build by the supposed smartest men on the planet is continuing as chinks start to appear, their arrogant stupidity set us back decades if not more, electro-magnetics is clean energy and would have delivered us not only flying cars, but flying saucers aswell and who knows a pathway into other dimensions..Meanwhile The Expanse's Leviathan Wakes and starts wagging it's tail....
xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
Double layers can accelerate charged particles, as well.
“We have to learn again that science without contact with experiments is an enterprise which is likely to go completely astray into imaginary conjecture.”
— Hannes Alfvén
A recent press release from the European Space Agency (ESA) provides information about future technologies that will make space exploration more economical. The new ion thruster technology works by pulsing an electric arc between two electrodes, vaporizing the propellant, while at the same time creating a stream of charged particles (plasma), which is accelerated by an electromagnetic field.
A double layer forms in plasma when electric charge flows through it. Double layers are found in the plasma environment of Earth, as well as around the stars, creating phenomena like aurorae and electromagnetic radiation from pulsars.
Plasma pioneer and Nobel laureate, Irving Langmuir studied the behavior of charged particles moving through various gases. He was the first to coin the term “plasma” when referring to ionized gas, finding that they accelerated ions to supersonic velocities. Double layers are self-generating, so the effect has been incorporated into an efficient spacecraft thrust mechanism.
As mentioned, a double layer is a charge separation region that forms in plasmas. It consists of two oppositely charged parallel layers, resulting in a voltage drop and an electric field across the layer. These regions accelerate electrons and positive ions in opposite directions. Since moving electric charges generate electricity, there is an electric current present. If there are sufficiently large potential drops and layer separation, electrons might accelerate to relativistic velocities, producing synchrotron radiation.
Nobel prize winner Hannes Alfvén described a double layer as, “… a plasma formation by which a plasma—in the physical meaning of this word—protects itself from the environment. It is analogous to a cell wall by which a plasma—in the biological meaning of this word—protects itself from the environment.”
As written many times in the past, electricity can accelerate charged particles with energies of 10^20 electron volts or more. Since electricity requires a circuit for charge to flow, and an electric current forms a magnetic field, that field tends to constrict the current. Previous Picture of the Day articles identify that constricted channel as a Bennett pinch, or z-pinch. Laboratory experiments with particle accelerators confirm that the pinched filaments of electric current remain coherent over large distances.
At times, a double layer might interrupt charge flow in the circuit, causing a catastrophic rise in voltage across it. The powerful energy release of the exploding double layer is sometimes observed in power transmission switchyards when a circuit breaker is opened incorrectly, or in electrical experiments like the SAFIRE project, when millions of volts are suddenly produced.
Plasma physicist, Hannes Alfvén identified occurrences like that when he was contracted by the Swedish Power Company to investigate some serious accidents. A few of the mercury arc rectifiers used in the power transmission circuits had exploded for no apparent reason. Alfvén identified the cause as unstable double layers within the plasma flow.
He wrote:
“In Sweden the waterpower is located in the north, and the industry in the south. The transfer of power between these regions over a distance of about 1000 km was first done with a.c. When it was realized that d.c. transmission would be cheaper, mercury rectifiers were developed. It turned out that such a system normally worked well, but it happened now and then that the rectifiers produced enormous over-voltages so that fat electrical sparks filled the rectifying station and did considerable harm…An arc rectifier must have a very low pressure of mercury vapor in order to stand the high back voltages during half of the a.c. cycle. On the other hand, it must be able to carry large currents during the other half-cycle. It turned out that these two requirements were conflicting, because at a very low pressure the plasma could not carry enough current. If the current density is too high, an exploding double layer may be formed. This means that in the plasma a region of high vacuum is produced: the plasma refuses to carry any current at all. At the sudden interruption of the 1000 km inductance produces enormous over-voltages, which may be destructive.”
There are also double layers in space that emit radio waves over a broad band of frequencies. They can sort galactic material into regions of like composition and condense it. They can accelerate charged particles to cosmic ray energies. Double layers in space can explode for the same reason as Alfvén’s rectifiers, releasing more energy than is locally present. This effect can be seen in stellar flares or so-called “nova” outbursts.
Since plasma is composed of charged particles, their movement constitutes an electric current, which generates a magnetic field. Electrons spiral in the resulting magnetic field, creating synchrotron radiation that can shine in all high-energy frequencies, including extreme ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
Cosmic plasmas and their activity can be replicated in the laboratory, allowing insights into the large-scale structures that populate the Universe. Since gravitational forces cannot be examined in the laboratory, consensus opinions about the gravity-only model of celestial objects suffer from a moribund condition.
Stephen Smith
xxxxx
New contributor and Electric Universe advocate, Gareth Samuel, creator of “See the Pattern”, introduces his investigation into a striking evidentiary connection between the Birkeland currents in our celestial neighborhood and a true motion of the stars through the heavens.
To understand this linkage, Gareth offers a groundbreaking analysis with vivid animations on the celestial phenomenon known as the precession cycle.
xxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
The Expanse is a series of science fiction novels (and related novellas and short stories) by James S. A. Corey, the joint pen name of authors Daniel Abraham and Ty Franck. The first novel, Leviathan Wakes, was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 2012. The series as a whole was nominated for the Best Series Hugo Award in 2017.
As of 2019, The Expanse is made up of eight novels and eight shorter works - three short stories and five novellas. At least nine novels were planned, as well as two more novellas. The series was adapted for television by the Syfy Network, also under the title of The Expanse, then they dropped the ball despite the succes of the series, i suspect the whole thing got too serious (expensive) so once again Syfy network proved they can't handle success. Anyway fans were outraged and got Amazon Prime to pick it up for a fourth and fifth series and considering the mountain of money Jeff Bezos sits on i suspect several more as long as the fans keep cheering.
The Expanse is set in a future in which humanity has colonized much of the Solar System, but does not have interstellar travel. In the asteroid belt and beyond, tensions are rising between Earth's United Nations, Mars, and the outer planets.
The series initially takes place in the Solar System, using many real locations such as Ceres and Eros in the asteroid belt, several moons of Jupiter, with Ganymede and Europa the most developed, and small science bases as far out as Phoebe around Saturn and Titania around Uranus, as well as well-established domed settlements on Mars and the Moon.
As the series progresses, humanity gains access to thousands of new worlds by use of the ring, an artificially sustained Einstein-Rosen bridge or wormhole, created by a long dead alien race. The ring in our solar system is two AU from the orbit of Uranus, and passing through it leads to a hub of starless space approximately one million kilometers across, with more than 1,300 other rings, each with a star system on the other side. In the center of the hub, which is also referred to as the "slow zone", an alien space station controls the gates and can also set instantaneous speed limits on objects inside of the hub as a means of defense.
The story is told through multiple main point-of-view characters. There are two POV characters in the first book and four in books 2 through 5. In the sixth and seventh books, the number of POV characters increases, with several characters having only one or two chapters. Tiamat's Wrath returns to a more limited number with five. Every book also begins and ends with a prologue and epilogue told from a unique character's perspective.
Novels
# Title Pages Audio
1 Leviathan Wakes 592 20h 56m
2 Caliban's War 595 21h
3 Abaddon's Gate 539 19h 42m
4 Cibola Burn 583 20h 7m
5 Nemesis Games 544 16h 44m
6 Babylon's Ashes 608 19h 58m
7 Persepolis Rising 560 20h 34m
8 Tiamat's Wrath 544 19h 8m
9 Unnamed final novel
at 3 hours everyweek that's beyond 2021 before we're finished here, that's to say as long as there's enough interest...we'll see next week Leviathan Wakes
xxxxx
Leviathan Wakes was nominated for the 2012 Hugo Award for Best Novel and the 2012 Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel. The novel was adapted for television in 2015 as the first season of The Expanse by Syfy.
Leviathan Wakes is set in a future in which humanity has colonized much of the Solar System. Earth, governed by the United Nations, and the Martian Congressional Republic act as competing superpowers, maintaining an uneasy military alliance in order to exert dual hegemony over the peoples of the Asteroid belt, known as "Belters." Belters, whose bodies tend to be thin and elongated due to their low-gravity environment, carry out the gritty, blue-collar work that provides the system with essential natural resources, but they are largely marginalized by the rest of the Solar System. The Outer Planets Alliance (OPA), a network of loosely-aligned militant groups, seeks to combat the Belt's exploitation at the hands of the "Inners," who, in turn, have branded the OPA a terrorist organization. The story is told from the point of view of Belter detective Joe Miller, and Earther Jim Holden.
James Holden is XO (Executive Officer) of an ice miner making runs from the rings of Saturn to the mining stations of the Belt. When he and his crew stumble upon a derelict ship, the Scopuli, they find themselves in possession of a secret they never wanted. A secret that someone is willing to kill for – and kill on a scale unfathomable to Jim and his crew. War is brewing in the system unless he can find out who left the ship and why.
Detective Miller is looking for a girl. One girl in a system of billions, but her parents have money and money talks. When the trail leads him to the Scopuli and rebel sympathizer Holden, he realizes that this girl may be the key to everything.
Holden and Miller must thread the needle between the Earth government, the Outer Planet revolutionaries, and secretive corporations – and the odds are against them. But out in the Belt, the rules are different, and one small ship can change the fate of the universe.
James S.A. Corey - The Expanse Leviathan Wakes 44-50 ( 135min 62mb)
The Expanse Leviathan Wakes 44-50 158min
xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
previously
James S.A. Corey - The Expanse The Churn ( 149min 69mb)
James S.A. Corey - The Expanse Leviathan Wakes 1-7 ( 145min 67mb)
James S.A. Corey - The Expanse Leviathan Wakes 8-14 ( 143min 66mb)
James S.A. Corey - The Expanse Leviathan Wakes 15-21 ( 139min 64mb)
James S.A. Corey - The Expanse Leviathan Wakes 22-29 ( 149min 69mb)
James S.A. Corey - The Expanse Leviathan Wakes 30-36 ( 149min 69mb)
James S.A. Corey - The Expanse Leviathan Wakes 37-43 ( 158min 72mb)
xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx
No comments:
Post a Comment